welcome all 

*TMT steel bar is a newer variety of steel for construction purpose. Earlier people have been using TOR Steel for concrete reinforcement. 
Thermo Mechanically Treated bars (TMT bars) give you several advantages over the other types of steel: 

Twisting operation is not involved in the production of the TMT steel bar,so no residual stresses involved in that , which in turn increases the corrosion resistance. 

Rust and Corrosion Resistance : 
The main reason for failure in any reinforcement concrete structure is due to corrosion of TOR Steel in the concrete, where this steel corrodes in existence of chloride ions. TMT Bars, due to its Thermo- mechanical treatment are very highly rust and corrosion resistant and is best suited in the humid and coastal states like West Bengal and Orissa. 

Uses: 
TMT Bars are much superior to conventional TOR Steel by virtue of their various engineering properties and can be used for Residential Buildings, Bridges, Drums, Industrial Establishment and all types of concrete reinforcement purposes. 

TMT Bars: 
Grade - Fe 415 
IS: 1786 

Note: 
The project designers use thermo mechanically treated bars (TMT) in place of torsteel and even in TMT, the choice is increasingly focussed on that with higher tensile strength ( Fe-500 in lieu of Fe-415) and high corrosion resistant TMT (HCRM) which is specially meant for use in coastal areas.

Hi Dear Friends,

No Audio from HDMI output Details

By default Vista does not route sound over the HDMI output.  To change this we need to change the settings in control panel.  

Note:  This will turn off sound from the speakers or normal audio output on the laptop.  To get that back you will have to reverse this process.

 - Click on the "Start" button
 - Click on "Control Panel"
 - With the Control Panel in "Control Panel Home" view please click on "Hardware and Sound"
 - Where it says "Sound" in green letters there are three options below that are in blue click on "Manage Audio Devices"
 - This will bring up a window labeled "Sound"
 - On the "Playback" tab there is listed the sound options available to you. One should read "Digital Output Device (HDMI)"        Click on that.
 - There should now be a check mark on that option.
 - The Sound should then play through your HDMI hookups to the TV.

system and Laptop parts Details

  http://www.laptopparts101.com/

http://www.irisvista.com/tech/laptops/toshiba-satellite-u305/replace-sound-board-1.htm

His tip is specific to MacBook Pro users with Skype, but it can be easily adapted to just about any laptop and audio conferencing service. The trick is to simply change the speaker balance so that the audio comes out as far away from the mic as possible:

To all you mac book pro users who use skype (and soon, Messenger) to make calls…

The microphone is located under the left speaker grille, and can contribute to horrible feedback during a call (the person on the other side hears himself coming out of the speaker on your machine, fedback into your mic).

I changed my speaker balance so that output was all to the right speaker, and the effect was fantastic. Conversations are in mono, but you can have a perfect conversation without requiring a headset.

Here’s how to change the speaker balance on both Mac and Windows:

Mac

1. In your Apple Menu, go to System Preferences and choose Sound.

2. Select the Output tab.

3. For Balance, move the slider all the way to the right if your mic is on the left. If your mic is on the right, move the slider to the left.

Windows

1. Double-click the speak icon on the bottom-right of the Windows Start Bar.

2. In the window that appears, move the Master Volume slider all the way to the right if your mic is on the left. If your mic is on the right, move the slider to the left.

Once you’ve adjusted your speaker output, just start an audio chat with your favorite buddy and enjoy

How to Change the Default Playback & Recording Audio Device

By Florin on Sat, 02/27/2010 - 22:13

Sound is a very important part of our computing experience. We listen to music, do voice chat, watch movies, play games, record sound, etc. In this article I will talk about two important topics related to sound in Windows 7: how to change the default playback audio & recording devices which are used by your installed applications. I will be sharing some interesting & useful tips about this, including how to troubleshoot certain problems.

What are Audio Devices?

Audio devices in Windows 7 (and not only this version of Windows) are those devices which you can use to play or record audio. This means that every time you listen to your favorite songs or talk on the microphone you are using audio devices. When you listen to music, or any sound that comes from your computer, you use the playback functionality to hear the sounds in the speakers. On the other hand, when talking about the recording functionality, the audio device makes it possible to record any sound you like, be it from your microphone (recording your voice) or from the computer (recording sounds produced by your playback device).

How to Change the Default Playback Device

Click on the Start button and, in the search box, type 'Change sound card settings' or 'Manage audio devices' without the quotes. In the results, click on the link with the same name.

An alternative is to right click on the sound icon in the Notification Area and select 'Playback devices'.

A new window, called Sound, will open. In this window you will usually see the sound devices for playback, which are currently present in Windows 7. Select the device you want to set as default and click on the Set Default button. When you are done click on OK to save the current configuration.

NOTE: The default selected device will be used by all of your programs unless stated otherwise.

The Set Default has two options: Default Communication Device which handles all communications such as calls or video conferences done on IM or VOIP and Default Device which handles all the output done without the communication part (if the Default Communication Device is set).

A good example is that you can make calls or video conferences be heard on headphones and use the speakers for the rest of your daily computer activity.

To select which device should be the default for communication and which device should do the rest of the work, click on the small arrow located on the Set Default button. If clicked, the arrow will show you the two options. Select the device for communication, then click on Set Default -> Default Communication Device. Select the device for all other types of playback and click on Set Default -> Default Device

If you want the Default Communication Device and the Default Device to be set on the same sound device just click on the Set Default button instead.

How to Change the Default Recording Device

As previously said, the recording option is used when recording your voice or the sound coming from your playback device.

To set a device as default for recording, go to the Recording tab in the Sound window. In theRecording tab, click on the desired default recording device (ex. a certain microphone) and click on the Set Default button.

If you find that your microphone is not recording it might be because the volume is set too low or muted altogether. To solve this problem click on the preferred voice recording device and click on the Properties button.

In the Properties window, click on the Levels tab. Here you can see and set the sensitivity level that the microphone will work at. You should check to see if the level is either too low or set to mute and change it to more desirable level.

Now, if you have gone through all the steps necessary to have your microphone record and it is still not working, go to the Recording tab. In the Recording tab, click on the desired recording device and then on the Configure button. A new window will appear and in that window click on the Set up a microphone.

Windows 7 will make you take some simple to follow tests to make your microphone work properly.

Troubleshooting: I Can't See my Sound Device Listed

If you can't see your sound device listed make sure it is plugged into your computer correctly and that the appropriate drivers for the sound device are installed. If these steps are done, yet you don't see your device listed in the Sound window, it might be hidden. Right click somewhere in the list of devices from the Sound (or Recording) window and click on 'Show Disabled Devices' from the contextual menu. If you see it now, right click on it and select Enable. After this, you will now be able to set it as default.

NOTE: You can also click on the Disconnected Devices to see if the device is unplugged. However, for this to work, the drivers for the audio card must have been installed (by you or automatically by the operating system) on your current Windows 7.

Conclusion

As you can see, setting the default audio devices for playback and recording is done pretty easily in Windows 7. If you have ideas or problems regarding this topic, don't hesitate to share them with us via the comments form below. Also, don't hesitate to take a look on the list of recommended articles below. You will find other useful information about how to customize the sound on your system..

Maan Sarovar Properties Development Private Limited, Layout at Trichy

 Autocadd lisp

8.Writing a Simple AutoLISP Program, Part 2

by Arivalagan Alagappan

In the last lesson, I presented several tips for helping out when you write your own AutoLISP functions. In this lesson, we learn the first steps in writing an AutoLISP routine of our own.

Why Write a Program?

If you are like many CAD users, you are busy creating drawings, you have no time to learn how to program. No doubt, you may be wondering, "Why bother learning a programming language?" In some ways, it's like being back in school again. Sitting in the classroom sometimes seems like a waste of time. But the things you learn now make life easier later. Learning some AutoLISP programming now means you'll feel really good whipping off a few lines of code and letting AutoLISP perform a tedious task for you. The nice thing about AutoLISP is that you can program it on the fly. And you can use it for really simple but tedious tasks. Here's the example we'll use for this tutorial:

The Id Command

AutoCAD has the Id command. When you pick a point on the screen, it tells you the 3D x,y,z- coordinates of the point. Problem is, Id reports the value in the command prompt area, like this:

Command: idPoint: [pick]X = 8.9227 Y = 6.5907 Z = 0.0000

Wouldn't it be great if you could change Id to place the coordinates on your drawing, next to the pick point? That would let you label x,y-coordinates and z-elevations over a site plan. With AutoLISP, you can.

The Plan of Attack

Before we write any AutoLISP code, we need to figure out how we're going to get those x,y,z- coordinates off the command prompt area and into the drawing. We've just recognized the two parts to solving the problem:

Part 1. Obtain the coordinates from the drawing, probably by picking a point.

Part 2. Place the coordinates as text in the drawing.

Obtaining the Coordinates

AutoLISP provides several ways to get the coordinates of a picked point. Browsing through the Customization Guide, we find we could:

• Use the Id command with the Command function, as in (command "ID").
• Use the LastPoint system variable with the GetVar function, as in (getvar "lastpoint").
• Use the GetPoint function, as in (getpoint "Pick a point: ")

It would be a useful lesson to use each of the three and see what happens. By experimenting, you make mistakes, then learn from the mistakes. Start AutoCAD, load a drawing, and switch to the Text window with F2. At the Command prompt, type:

Command: (command "ID")

You are executing an AutoCAD command from within an AutoLISP routine. The Command function lets you use any AutoCAD command in AutoLISP. The AutoCAD command is in quotation marks "ID" because the command is a string (programmer talk for "text"). Just like before, AutoCAD prompts you for the point. This time use an object snap to snap to a geometric feature, like the end of a line:

Point: end of [pick]X = 8.9227 Y = 6.5907 Z = 0.0000

That's great! We've typed in a tiny AutoLISP routine. Now, AutoCAD stores the x,y,z- coordinates of the last-picked point in system variable LastPoint. Before we can place the coordinates as text in the drawing, we have to store the coordinates in a variable. Recall from earlier tutorials that the SetQ function lets us store a value in a variable. Let's make use of this now. Type at the Command prompt:

Command: (setq xyz (getvar "LastPoint"))(8.9227 6.5907 0.0000)

Xyz is the name of the variable we are using to store the x,y,z-coordinates. GetVar is the name of the AutoLISP that retrieves the value stored in a system variable. And "LastPoint" is the name of the system variable; once again, it is surrounded by quotation marks because it is a string.

After typing in the AutoLISP function, AutoCAD returns the value it has stored in variable Xyz: (8.9227 6.5907 0.0000). Note how the coordinates are surrounded by parenthesis. This is called a "list" and is the list format that LISP is famous for. The spaces separate the numbers, which are the x, y, and z-coordinates, respectively:

x = 8.9227
y = 6.5907
z = 0.0000

AutoCAD always stores these values in the order of x, y, and z. You will never find the z- coordinate first or the x-coordinate last. So, we've now solved the first problem in one manner. We obtained the coordinates off the drawing and stored them in a variable. We did mention a third AutoLISP function we could use, GetPoint. Programmers prefer GetPoint because it is more efficient than the Id-LastPoint combo we used above. Type the following to see that it works exactly the same:

Command: (setq xyz (getpoint "Point: "))Point: [pick](8.9227 6.5907 0.0000)

As before, we use the SetQ function to store the value of the coordinates in variable Xyz. The GetPoint function waits for you to pick a point on the screen. The "Point: " is called a prompt and tells the user what the program is expecting the user to do. In this case, we mimicked the prompt of the ID command. But we could just as easily have written anything, like:

Command: (setq xyz (getpoint "Press the mouse button: "))Press the mouse button: [pick](8.9227 6.5907 0.0000)

Or, we could have no prompt at all, as follows:

Command: (setq xyz (getpoint))
[pick](8.9227 6.5907 0.0000)

That's right. No prompt. Just a silent AutoCAD waiting patiently for the right thing to happen ... and the user puzzled at why nothing is happening. A lack of communication, you might say. That's why prompts are important.

We've now seen approaches that solve the same problem in two different ways. With the x,y,z-coordinates safely stored in a variable, let's tackle the second problem

Placing the Text

To place text in the drawing, there is just the Command function in conjunction with the Text command. I suppose the DText or MText commands might work, but we are placing one line of text and the Text command is excellent for that. The Text command is trickier than the Id command. It has four prompts that our AutoLISP routine must answer:

• Start point: a pair of numbers, x,y-coordinates.
• Height: a number that makes the text legible.
• Rotation angle: a number, probably 0.
• Text: a string, the x,y,z-coordinates.

This is where I find a quick reference book handy that lists all the options of every AutoCAD command. Let's see if we can now construct the AutoLISP function for placing the coordinates as text:

(command	The Command function.
"text"	Text is the AutoCAD command being executed.
xyz	We can use the Xyz variable as the starting point for the text.
200	The height of the text. Change this number to something convenient for your drawings.
0	The rotation angle of the text.
xyz	We're lucky: the Text command accepts numbers as text.
)	And remember: one closing parenthesis for every opening parenthesis.

Let's try this out at the Command: prompt:

Command: (command "text" xyz 200 0 xyz)text Justify/Style/<Start point>:
Height <1.0>: 200
Rotation angle <0>: 0
Text: 2958.348773815669,5740.821183398367
Command: nil

AutoCAD runs through the Text command, inserting the responses for its prompts, then placing the coordinates as text. We've solved the second part of the problem.

Putting It Together

Let's put together the two solutions to our problem:

(setq xyz (getpoint "Pick point: "))
(command "text" xyz 200 0 xyz)

There we have it: a full-fledged AutoLISP program. Well, not quite. It's a pain to retype those two lines each time you want to label a point. In the next leson, we find out how to save the code to a LSP file on disk. We'll also dress up the code, including suppressing that "nil" that gets output at the end of the routine.

An Alternative to Programming

Just because this tutorial is about AutoLISP doesn't mean that it is always the best approach. Here's a wacky work-around to labeling points that uses no programming at all. However, it only works with the Windows version of AutoCAD Release 13:

1. Use the Id command and pick a point:

Command: idPoint: [pick]X = 8.9227 Y = 6.5907 Z = 0.0000

2. Switch to the text screen by pressing function key F2.

3. Highlight the text: Press the mouse button and drag the cursor over the "X = 8.9227 Y = 6.5907 Z = 0.0000" coordinates.

4. Click the right mouse button. AutoCAD displays the cursor menu.

5. Select Copy from the cursor menu. AutoCAD copies the coordinate text to the Windows clipboard.

6. Press F2 to switch back to AutoCAD drawing window.

7. Press Ctrl+V. AutoCAD pastes the text into the drawing using the current text style.

AutoCAD always pastes stuff in the upper-left corner of the drawing screen. You can use the Move command to shift the text into position.

---

Tailoring AutoCAD Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 is the next tutorial.

Comments on this tutorial series? Tell me about it.

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